{"id":22291,"date":"2022-12-09T16:11:38","date_gmt":"2022-12-09T16:11:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mailinvest.blog\/index.php\/2022\/12\/09\/this-week-in-space-nasa-spacex-and-the-geminids\/"},"modified":"2022-12-09T16:11:38","modified_gmt":"2022-12-09T16:11:38","slug":"this-week-in-space-nasa-spacex-and-the-geminids","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mailinvest.blog\/index.php\/2022\/12\/09\/this-week-in-space-nasa-spacex-and-the-geminids\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in Space: NASA, SpaceX, and the Geminids"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/go.fiverr.com\/visit\/?bta=1052423&nci=17043\" Target=\"_Top\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/fiverr.ck-cdn.com\/tn\/serve\/?cid=40081059\" loading=\"lazy\"  width=\"601\" height=\"201\"><\/a>\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"intelliTXT\">\n<div class=\"featured-image\">\n<div class=\"img-shadow\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"353\" src=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/art001e000672-artemis-orion-capsule-selfie-earth-moon-feature-crop-640x353.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/art001e000672-artemis-orion-capsule-selfie-earth-moon-feature-crop-640x353.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/art001e000672-artemis-orion-capsule-selfie-earth-moon-feature-crop-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/art001e000672-artemis-orion-capsule-selfie-earth-moon-feature-crop-768x424.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/art001e000672-artemis-orion-capsule-selfie-earth-moon-feature-crop-1536x848.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/art001e000672-artemis-orion-capsule-selfie-earth-moon-feature-crop-2048x1131.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/art001e000672-artemis-orion-capsule-selfie-earth-moon-feature-crop-106x59.jpg 106w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/art001e000672-artemis-orion-capsule-selfie-earth-moon-feature-crop-672x371.jpg 672w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\"\/> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Hello, readers, and welcome back! Today we\u2019ll read that there\u2019s a lot going on at SpaceX, and on Mars. NASA has lost contact with its ICON satellite but reached new heights with Ingenuity. A new analysis of early science images from the James Webb space telescope reveals\u201d\u2018unseen companions\u201d within the Southern Ring Nebula. Plus, two new ways to power deep space exploration: dynamic soaring and nuclear waste. We\u2019ll wrap up with a few words on this week\u2019s celestial event: the Geminid meteor shower.<\/p>\n<h3>Orion Capsule to Splash Down Sunday<\/h3>\n<p>On Wednesday (flight day 23) the Orion capsule left the Moon\u2019s gravity well. The capsule has now performed the course correction burns that will turn it homeward. Today (flight day 25), the capsule will take on some of its last remaining milestones, including final inspections for leaks within its propulsion system.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Artemis All Access \u2013 Updates on Orion\u2019s Journey in Space \u2013 12\/7\/22\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" data-lazy=\"true\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bgFSLWU4gs0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>At a Thursday night briefing, NASA officials explained that flight engineers have had the capsule doing \u201cpropellant slosh\u201d tests. In these tests, flight controllers fired the capsule\u2019s reaction control thrusters, making the propellant slosh inside its tank. Then, they carefully measured the effect that the sloshing has on Orion\u2019s trajectory and orientation.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nasa-briefing-orion-splashdown-vector.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-341425 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nasa-briefing-orion-splashdown-vector-640x323.png\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"323\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nasa-briefing-orion-splashdown-vector-640x323.png 640w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nasa-briefing-orion-splashdown-vector-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nasa-briefing-orion-splashdown-vector-768x388.png 768w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nasa-briefing-orion-splashdown-vector-1536x775.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nasa-briefing-orion-splashdown-vector-2048x1034.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>During its final approach, Orion will skip on the Earth\u2019s atmosphere, like a rock skipping on water. Meanwhile, NASA will have the recovery crew standing by in a Navy vessel, just a few nautical miles from the splashdown zone. Orion will splash down on the Pacific side of the Baja Peninsula, around 12:40 p.m. EST.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Artemis I Live Feed from Orion Spacecraft (Official NASA Broadcast)\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" data-lazy=\"true\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GFbVREEtc1Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>SpaceX to Launch Japanese Moon Lander<\/h3>\n<p>While the Orion capsule gathers itself for its final descent, SpaceX will carry a private space company\u2019s moon lander into space. Sunday morning, a Falcon 9 rocket will launch Hakuto-R, a project by Tokyo-based lunar robotics company Ispace. The rocket will also carry a small moon rover from the United Arab Emirates.<\/p>\n<p>The mission has been delayed several times since its original launch date in November. Nevertheless, SpaceX said Wednesday, things are \u201clooking good for launch\u201d on Sunday.<\/p>\n<h3>Starlink Wars: The FCC Awakens<\/h3>\n<p>The runaway success of SpaceX\u2019s Falcon 9 helped pay for the aerospace company\u2019s megaconstellation of Starlink internet satellites. SpaceX has offered <a href=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/tag\/starlink\">Starlink<\/a> satellite internet since 2020. However, as more users join the network, congestion is becoming an escalating problem. So, SpaceX announced a 1TB data limit, beyond which users\u2019 bandwidth will be throttled \u2014 unless, of course, they\u2019re willing to pay. However, this week, the company amended its schedule, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/extreme\/341314-spacex-pushes-back-starlink-data-caps-to-february-2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">delaying the data cap into February 2023<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The FCC announced this week that SpaceX can launch up to 7,500 of their Starlink v2 satellites \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/extreme\/341286-fcc-spacex-can-only-launch-7500-second-gen-starlink-satellites\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">just a quarter<\/a> of the 30,000-strong fleet for which the company originally applied. In part, the agency said, this is a response to growing concern from astronomers. But it\u2019s also concerned about orbital congestion. The agency approved the v2 Starlink fleet only for specific altitudes.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_329506\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Screen-Shot-2021-12-05-at-4.23.37-PM.png\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-329506\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-329506\" src=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Screen-Shot-2021-12-05-at-4.23.37-PM-640x339.png\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"339\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Screen-Shot-2021-12-05-at-4.23.37-PM-640x339.png 640w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Screen-Shot-2021-12-05-at-4.23.37-PM-300x159.png 300w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Screen-Shot-2021-12-05-at-4.23.37-PM-768x407.png 768w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Screen-Shot-2021-12-05-at-4.23.37-PM-1536x814.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Screen-Shot-2021-12-05-at-4.23.37-PM-2048x1085.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-329506\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">SpaceX plans to use its Starship launch vehicle, pictured here, to field the Starlink v2 fleet. But the company hasn\u2019t made an orbital test of the rocket yet. (Photo: SpaceX)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Meanwhile, this week <a href=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/extreme\/341320-spacex-unveils-starshield-an-encrypted-starlink-service-for-governments\">SpaceX debuted Starshield<\/a>, an encrypted Starlink internet service that the company hopes will appeal to governments. Perks include a better version of Starlink\u2019s end-to-end encryption, plus laser communication between Starshield satellites and those that governments already own. Starshield will also support \u201csatellites with sensing payloads,\u201d which my colleague Ryan Whitwam points out probably means \u201cspy satellites.\u201d SpaceX clearly expects the US government to take advantage of the Starshield service. It could also offer the service to other nations \u2014 but ITAR might have something to say about that.<\/p>\n<h3>Interstellar Travelers Could One Day Glide Like a Seabird<\/h3>\n<p>Stand aside, solar sails: A recent study proposes a method of interstellar travel that could use dynamic soaring, plasma magnets, and a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/extreme\/341399-scientists-devise-faster-method-of-interstellar-space-travel-based-on-seabird-gliding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">magnetohydrodynamic wing<\/a>\u201d to push a spacecraft to relativistic speeds. Sadly, they didn\u2019t actually <em>build<\/em> a sci-fi space glider; this study is limited to the physics involved. But the study claims \u201cspace soaring\u201d could get a spacecraft to half a percent the speed of light within a month, and two percent in perhaps a year and a half. That\u2019s enough to get us to Alpha Centauri within a few hundred years.<\/p>\n<h3>Mars Updates: Ingenuity Soars While Magma Plume Rises<\/h3>\n<p>A team of researchers working with data from NASA\u2019s InSight Mars lander has reported what may be tectonic activity on Mars. Models suggest a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/extreme\/341354-enormous-mantle-plume-reveals-mars-is-still-geologically-active\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mantle plume rising beneath Elysium Planitia<\/a>, a flat region in the planet\u2019s northern lowlands. InSight\u2019s analysis of marsquakes shows that almost all of them originate from a series of fissures in Elysium Planitia, known as Cerberus Fossae. Craters there are tilted toward the plume in a way that shows the plume continued to swell upwards long after the craters were formed.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_341355\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/mars-mantle-plume.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-341355\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-341355 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/mars-mantle-plume-640x353.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"353\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/mars-mantle-plume-640x353.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/mars-mantle-plume-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/mars-mantle-plume-106x59.jpg 106w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/mars-mantle-plume.jpg 672w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-341355\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beneath the fissures of Cerberus Fossae (center), an enormous mantle plume rises. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/extreme\/341354-enormous-mantle-plume-reveals-mars-is-still-geologically-active\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click here to read more.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Speaking of craters on the Red Planet, a study of a different Martian crater reports evidence of an ancient megatsunami on Mars. The crater\u2019s size and erosion suggest that a 3km impactor created it some 3.4 billion years ago. At the time, the report says, that location was in the middle of a shallow sea. The impact would have scoured the ocean floor down into the bedrock, and created a wall of water more than eight hundred feet high. This would explain how all that ejecta and rubble got to the Viking 1 probe\u2019s landing site, when there <a href=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/extreme\/341296-asteroid-impact-may-have-caused-megatsunami-on-mars-3-4-billion-years-ago\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">weren\u2019t any craters nearby<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Elsewhere on Mars, NASA\u2019s space helicopter Ingenuity reached a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/extreme\/341394-ingenuity-mars-helicopter-reaches-record-altitude-on-35th-flight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">record height on its 35th flight<\/a>, the agency announced in a Monday tweet. Ingenuity has covered more than four and a half miles in its time on Mars. In total, it has logged almost an hour of total flight time.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">An all-time high for the <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/MarsHelicopter?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsHelicopter<\/a>!<br \/>Ingenuity completed Flight 35 over the weekend and set a new max altitude record, hitting 46 ft (14 meters) above the Martian surface. See more stats in the flight log: <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/7DMHj9LkNX\">https:\/\/t.co\/7DMHj9LkNX<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/qAj5H9Z68C\">pic.twitter.com\/qAj5H9Z68C<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 NASA JPL (@NASAJPL) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NASAJPL\/status\/1600162414842228736?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">December 6, 2022<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Ingenuity won our hearts, but it didn\u2019t stop there. The little copter that could is changing how NASA approaches space exploration. The helicopter\u2019s dazzling success influenced NASA\u2019s recent decision to scrap a rover for two helicopters on the upcoming Mars Sample Return mission.<\/p>\n<h3>NASA Loses Contact With ICON Satellite<\/h3>\n<p>In a brief Wednesday statement, NASA confirmed it has lost contact with its Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) satellite. ICON is well beyond its design lifetime, and the agency lost connection with the satellite on Nov. 25. It hasn\u2019t responded to hails ever since.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe team is currently still working to establish a connection,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.nasa.gov\/icon\/2022\/12\/07\/icon-mission-out-of-contact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said<\/a> agency spokesperson Denise Hill. \u201cWorking with the Department of Defense\u2019s Space Surveillance Network, the team has verified that ICON remains intact.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, that\u2019s about all the good news for the mission. ICON has a built-in timer that resets the spacecraft if it goes eight days without communicating with ground control. Even after the reset was completed on Monday (Dec. 5), the satellite is still radio silent. But it\u2019s a full year beyond ICON\u2019s original design lifetime of two years. Even if it\u2019s curtains for ICON, the satellite had a good run.<\/p>\n<h3>Nuclear Waste Could Make Batteries That ENDURE Deep Space Travel<\/h3>\n<p>Scientists with the European Space Agency (ESA) are studying a way to turn nuclear waste into something genuinely useful \u2014 a new kind of battery that could power the agency\u2019s moon missions by the early 2030s. The project is called European Devices Using Radioisotope Energy (ENDURE).<\/p>\n<p>Historically, the ESA has relied on plutonium-238 batteries from the US or Russia for missions that can\u2019t make do with solar power. But plutonium-238 is scarce and expensive. After Putin\u2019s forces invaded Ukraine, the ESA cut ties with Russia, and the supply of Russian plutonium dried up entirely. So the agency is turning to americium, a by-product of nuclear waste from power plants. It\u2019s less energy-dense than plutonium, but it\u2019s also much more readily available.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_341427\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/52551323020_61a8d2da2c_k-cold-moon-dec-7-2022-from-iss.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-341427\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-341427\" src=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/52551323020_61a8d2da2c_k-cold-moon-dec-7-2022-from-iss-640x427.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/52551323020_61a8d2da2c_k-cold-moon-dec-7-2022-from-iss-640x427.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/52551323020_61a8d2da2c_k-cold-moon-dec-7-2022-from-iss-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/52551323020_61a8d2da2c_k-cold-moon-dec-7-2022-from-iss-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/52551323020_61a8d2da2c_k-cold-moon-dec-7-2022-from-iss-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/52551323020_61a8d2da2c_k-cold-moon-dec-7-2022-from-iss.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-341427\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wednesday\u2019s full moon, also known as the Cold Moon, as seen from the International Space Station. Image: NASA, via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/nasa2explore\/52551323020\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Johnson Space Center Flickr<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>ENDURE researchers from the UK\u2019s University of Leicester have already designed two different americium power packs. One is a heating unit that uses heat from the decaying isotope directly. The other produces power by way of a radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG), not unlike the ones NASA uses.<\/p>\n<p>While the ESA hopes to use these americium power packs for their Argonaut lunar landers in the 2030s, project spokesperson Markus Landgraf said that NASA also considers the americium tech \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-022-04247-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">very interesting<\/a>\u201d with respect to future Artemis missions. ESA is also eyeing a mission to Uranus and Neptune in the 2040s.<\/p>\n<h3>JWST Images Reveal \u2018Unseen Companions\u2019 Within Southern Ring Nebula<\/h3>\n<p>An analysis of early images from the James Webb Space Telescope indicates that the Southern Ring Nebula may have been shaken \u2014 <em>and<\/em> stirred.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_341426\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/52551407093_e2563b51b3_k-southern-ring-nebula-webb-jwst-nasa.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-341426\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-341426\" src=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/52551407093_e2563b51b3_k-southern-ring-nebula-webb-jwst-nasa-640x360.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/52551407093_e2563b51b3_k-southern-ring-nebula-webb-jwst-nasa-640x360.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/52551407093_e2563b51b3_k-southern-ring-nebula-webb-jwst-nasa-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/52551407093_e2563b51b3_k-southern-ring-nebula-webb-jwst-nasa-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/52551407093_e2563b51b3_k-southern-ring-nebula-webb-jwst-nasa-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/52551407093_e2563b51b3_k-southern-ring-nebula-webb-jwst-nasa-223x126.jpg 223w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/52551407093_e2563b51b3_k-southern-ring-nebula-webb-jwst-nasa-106x59.jpg 106w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/52551407093_e2563b51b3_k-southern-ring-nebula-webb-jwst-nasa-348x196.jpg 348w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/52551407093_e2563b51b3_k-southern-ring-nebula-webb-jwst-nasa.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-341426\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">This six-panel image shows different views of the Southern Ring Nebula. The numbers 1-5 correspond to five different stars, with 1 being the dying star that created the nebula. Image credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, E. Wheatley (STScI)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The Southern Ring Nebula was one of the earliest science images from the JWST. But a closer look showed that there were two other unseen stars orbiting the trio of stars at the center of the nebula. Data from the European Space Agency\u2019s Gaia spacecraft helped to precisely determine the central star\u2019s mass: about triple the mass of the Sun.<\/p>\n<p>When that central star exploded, its companion stars went off like a chain reaction, shocking the supernova\u2019s ejecta and releasing their own relativistic jets. (Those jets are the bright streaks that cross the second and third panels.) But they kept on orbiting, hidden within a shroud of gas and dust. Two other \u201cunseen companions\u201d then began to show their own influence. One skewed the jets into a spiral, like spin art, and the other stirred the cloud of ejections \u201clike a spatula running through batter.\u201d The quintet\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/webbtelescope.org\/contents\/media\/images\/2022\/059\/01GKHFM5NWB5C6ME3H34XKA563\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hidden dance<\/a> is responsible for the nebula\u2019s wobbly shape.<\/p>\n<h3>Scientists Analyzing China\u2019s Space-Grown Rice<\/h3>\n<p>Crew aboard the International Space Station have to become a kind of polymath, as they\u2019ll be doing everything from botany to physics to medical research and emptying space toilets. And it\u2019s clearly much the same aboard China\u2019s Tiangong space station. This week, the Chinese Space Agency said, scientists earthside are taking over from the Shenzhou-14 astronauts, who have been analyzing a truly far-out plant: rice grown in orbit.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_341429\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/63906c2fc6d0a7578542d23c-chinese-heavenly-rice.jpeg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-341429\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-341429\" src=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/63906c2fc6d0a7578542d23c-chinese-heavenly-rice.jpeg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/63906c2fc6d0a7578542d23c-chinese-heavenly-rice.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/63906c2fc6d0a7578542d23c-chinese-heavenly-rice-300x200.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-341429\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: <a href=\"http:\/\/english.www.gov.cn\/news\/photos\/202212\/07\/content_WS639057e2c6d0a757729e40b4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Xinhua<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>According to the Chinese State Council, this is the first time anyone has successfully grown rice in space. The astronauts spent months tending the heavenly sprouts alongside Thale cress, a common \u2018testbed\u2019 plant with a simple genome, also known as Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, scientists at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) grew the same seeds in Earth\u2019s gravity, as controls. The space agency will now transfer the orbital rice samples to Shanghai, for further analysis.<\/p>\n<h3>Skywatchers Corner<\/h3>\n<p>This week\u2019s standout is the Geminid meteor shower, which runs until Dec. 20 this year, peaking on Dec. 13-14. Unfortunately, the waning half-moon, or next week\u2019s expected inclement weather, may interfere. At its peak, the shower may offer perhaps thirty or forty meteors an hour. The crest comes around 2 a.m. on Dec. 14, but the show starts around 9-10 p.m., which is more accessible to kids. For best viewing conditions, don\u2019t look straight at the constellation of Gemini; instead, lie on your back, with your <a href=\"https:\/\/solarsystem.nasa.gov\/asteroids-comets-and-meteors\/meteors-and-meteorites\/geminids\/in-depth\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">feet facing south<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The Geminids are debris from an active, 3.6-mile-wide <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_asteroid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apollo asteroid<\/a> named 3200 Phaethon, <em>en homage<\/em> to Pha\u00ebthon, son of the Greek sun god Helios. It\u2019s a rocky asteroid, but it has a tail like a comet \u2014 hence the \u201cactive.\u201d Every year, this shower gets more intense. And the name fits; Phaethon\u2019s orbit brings it closer to the Sun than any other named asteroid. Phaethon is also the first asteroid discovered using a spacecraft: the IRAS satellite, a space telescope that surveyed the entire night sky in the infrared.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_341428\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/1920px-3200_Phaethon_skypath_Dec_2017.png\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-341428\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-341428\" src=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/1920px-3200_Phaethon_skypath_Dec_2017-640x168.png\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/1920px-3200_Phaethon_skypath_Dec_2017-640x168.png 640w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/1920px-3200_Phaethon_skypath_Dec_2017-300x79.png 300w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/1920px-3200_Phaethon_skypath_Dec_2017-768x202.png 768w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/1920px-3200_Phaethon_skypath_Dec_2017-1536x404.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/1920px-3200_Phaethon_skypath_Dec_2017.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-341428\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">2017 sky path of Phaethon, by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/3200_Phaethon#\/media\/File:3200_Phaethon_skypath_Dec_2017.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tomruen<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Because of its close passes and its size, Phaethon is classified as a potentially hazardous asteroid. However, its orbit is well understood, and there\u2019s little uncertainty in the path the asteroid will take. During the 2017 Geminid shower, Phaethon passed within 6.4 million miles of Earth \u2014 not quite thirty times the distance from the Earth to the Moon. At that distance, we could pinpoint where it was, with an error of less than a kilometer in any direction. Arecibo and other observatories took advantage of the asteroid\u2019s proximity, making observations of unprecedented resolution. But that approach pales in comparison to the asteroid\u2019s 2093 flyby of Earth. On Dec. 14 of that year, Phaethon will pass within two million miles of our pale blue dot.<\/p>\n<p>The end of the Geminids will overlap with another meteor shower, the Ursids, which run from Dec. 17-26. As you might expect from their name, the Ursids appear to radiate from Ursa Minor, the Little Dipper. This meteor shower has a narrow \u2018stream\u2019 of debris; the best viewing opportunities come within 12-24 hours of the shower\u2019s peak, and even during that time, there are just five to 10 meteors per hour. Happily, this year\u2019s peak coincides with the new moon on Dec. 22-23.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s all for this week. But you can join us to watch NASA\u2019s live coverage of the Orion splashdown, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xzZPzmMtQA8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">beginning at 11 a.m. EST on Sunday<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h5>Now Read:<\/h5>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><iframe data-lazy=\"true\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.fiverr.com\/gig_widgets?id=U2FsdGVkX18x7XQvttUTrv1oEqmGNGTgvvCUiUoJ\/AP4z\/UyMz8lXGOLpu15jIMxBbTR0gmD5uBoFvhC4KWeALQRp3h\/X\/AwcVD0K8Wj9H\/ZzYKzcCNHosB9oS4SCJJFWiN85P9ICAc4OgCoE\/wHKIY7CDkf2\/DQ1vqGvk4smVe5cRDEmrLPCWi4FC8p40VUhSmWQ5udCm0zoJtorgWv3vbDQw0kKYkwn39ozAnQXDe+YvWMxkLFWA+O3TFwkJvdkIK+\/AUSnRssPKt5WHY0FhNOxnSPcLslEL4G4\/RfP95ve99U+kRnDy3X+KtzdQLY+u935ghON\/o3UE4IMv9oN6JX9RnxzL\/LRcOgnHigxStSGPKsZYtnz8RWNVT\/rOLAibqiWJadC5MYHRbekF3eg6FOGrQGkXYbsn0+a5aovnlLCbLwIqY9fcS17UX8J235iQ6cdmHNbrPeS84CMm34RA==&affiliate_id=1052423&strip_google_tagmanager=true\" loading=\"lazy\" data-with-title=\"true\" class=\"fiverr_nga_frame\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"350\" width=\"100%\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\" data-mode=\"random_gigs\" onload=\" var frame = this; var script = document.createElement('script'); script.addEventListener('load', function() { window.FW_SDK.register(frame); }); script.setAttribute('src', 'https:\/\/www.fiverr.com\/gig_widgets\/sdk'); document.body.appendChild(script); \" ><\/iframe>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/extreme\/341421-this-week-in-space-nasa-spacex-and-the-geminids\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hello, readers, and welcome back! Today we\u2019ll read that there\u2019s a lot going on at SpaceX, and on Mars. NASA has lost contact with its&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19893,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tech-universe"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>This Week in Space: NASA, SpaceX, and the Geminids - mailinvest.blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Technology is forever changing, and there are always new pieces of technology to replace obsolete ones. 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